(Sam Phillips, looking like the cat that swallowed the canary, with Scotty Moore, Bill Black and some guy wearing eye shadow.)

For nearly 70 years, Sun Records founder and producer Sam Phillips was famous as the man who discovered Elvis. But it’s only in the last couple of decades that critics and historians have started to celebrate the full scope of his achievements. Phillips didn't really “discover” Elvis: Elvis sought out Phillips. The producer had already recorded and released some of the future King's favorite blues and R&B records, songs like "Mystery Train" by Little Junior's Blue Flames, Ike Turner’s “Rocket 88” (sometimes described as the first recorded rock ‘n roll song), “B.B.’s Blues” by B.B. King, “Moanin’ at Midnight” and “How Many More Years” by Howlin’ Wolf, “Tiger Man” by Rufus Thomas and “Just Walking In The Rain” by The Prisonaires. Had he never met Elvis Presley, Sam Phillips could still have claimed a formidable place in the history of 20th century music. But of course he did meet and record Elvis, as well as Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison and Charlie Rich, among others. That’s a hell of a second act.

Phillips let the production fit the music, not the other way around. If you only know the comparatively sparse sides he recorded with Elvis, Perkins, etc., you’ll be surprised by the sonic ferocity of “Moanin’ at Midnight,” with its over-driven guitars and the distortion produced by Howlin’ Wolf’s outsize voice. Willie Nix’s “Baker Shop Boogie” features a bass drum pulse that’s heavier than anything on the rockabilly sides, while the vocals on The Southern Jubilees’ “There’s A Man In Jerusalem” are devoid of echo completely.

There’s also a goofy side to a lot of what Phillips recorded, a willingness to sound unprofessional, which helps account for the continuing freshness of the tracks. Though Elvis’ vocal quirks—the hiccups and the comic slurs—were copied with almost religious exactitude by later singers, they were in origin no more than a young man’s expression of youthful energy, and it’s to Phillips’ credit that he didn’t try to smooth out the singer’s style. That same tolerance of weirdness can be heard in Harmonica Frank Floyd’s Yosemite Sam lisp on “Swamp Root” or the screeching cat sounds with which Rufus Thompson opens “Bear Cat” (his answer to Big Mama Thornton’s “Hound Dog”). Compared to today’s pop productions, which are about as spontaneous as a State of the Union address, Phillips’ records seem like marvels of off-the-cuff inspiration. His entire career was built around an ear for, and appreciation of, sounds that most other people found strange. Maybe that’s his most important legacy.

One of Howlin' Wolf's first sides, recorded by Phillips, released on Chess:

Sun Records' first hit:

Sam Phillips discusses religion with Jerry Lee Lewis (in order to get him to record "Great Balls Of Fire"):